Je, kuna dawa za kutumia ili kufanya kipimo cha HIV kiwe negative?
Maswali ya msingi
Mtu mwenye virus vya ukimwi kuna dawa anaweza meza akienda kupima aonekane negative?
Samahani doctor, ukiwa una vvu kuna dawa unaweza meza ukiebda kupima iwe negative?
Majibu
Hapana, hakuna dawa inayoweza kumfanya mtu mwenye virusi vya UKIMWI (HIV) aonekane negative kwenye vipimo kwa muda mrefu au kudanganya matokeo. Hata hivyo, kuna mambo machache yanayoweza kuathiri matokeo ya vipimo vya HIV ambayo yameorosheshwa hapa chini.
Matumizi ya Dawa za ARVs
Watu wanaotumia dawa za kupunguza makali ya virusi vya UKIMWI (ARVs) kwa ufanisi wanaweza kufikia muda kiwango cha virusi kuwa kidogo kuweza kutambulika na kipimo cha kiwango cha virusi kwenye damu. Ikiwa mtu yuko kwenye kiwango hiki kwa muda, hawezi kuambukiza wengine. Lakini hii haimaanishi amepona au yuko negative! Ukifanya kipimo cha kupima kingamwili (antibody test), bado kitaonyesha kuwa ana HIV.
Kuwa kwenye kipindi cha dirisha la matazamio
Baada ya kuambukizwa VVU, mwili unachukua wiki kadhaa hadi miezi kadhaa kuonyesha kingamwili za HIV. Ikiwa mtu atapima ndani ya siku chache za maambukizi (kabla kingamwili hazijazalishwa), anaweza kupata negative isiyo halisi, yaani, matokeo ya uongo yanayoonyesha hana HIV.
Matumizi ya Dawa za PEP au PrEP
PEP (Dawa za kuzuia UKIMWI baada ya kujihatarisha): Ikiwa mtu ametumia dawa hizi ndani ya saa 72 baada ya kuambukizwa na HIV, zinaweza kusaidia kuzuia maambukizi, wakati PrEP (Dawa za kuzuia kabla ya kuambukizwa) husaidia kuzuia maambukizi. Hata hivyo, hizi dawa hizi hazifanyi mtu aonekane negative ikiwa tayari ameambukizwa.
Hitimisho
Hakuna dawa inayoweza kumfanya mtu mwenye UKIMWI aonekane negative kwenye vipimo kwa muda mrefu. ARVs zinaweza kupunguza virusi hadi visionekane , lakini mtu bado ana UKIMWI.
Njia pekee ya kuwa na uhakika wa kutopata HIV ni kujikinga kwa kutumia kinga kama kondomu, PrEP, au kuzingatia uaminifu wa mpenzi mmoja aliye HIV-negative.
Rejea za mada hii
Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C., & Redfield, R. R. (2019). HIV/AIDS: The science of the disease and treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(3), 300-310.
Rodger, A. J., Cambiano, V., Bruun, T., et al. (2019). Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy: Final results of the PARTNER study. The Lancet, 393(10189), 2428-2438.
Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., et al. (2016). Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(9), 830-839.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery, and monitoring: Recommendations for a public health approach. WHO Publications.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP). Retrieved from www.cdc.gov
UNAIDS. (2022). Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U): The Science Is Clear. Retrieved from www.unaids.org