Kidney and urological disorders

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)- Management

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland caused by progressive proliferation of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. It is a common condition among ageing men and may lead to bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Urolithiasis- Management

Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones within the urinary tract due to supersaturation of urine with stone-forming salts. Kidney stones are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular diseases.

Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)

Hypertension affects most people with chronic kidney disease and speeds loss of kidney function. Aim for BP below 120/80 mmHg with albuminuria (below 140/90 without), using an ACE inhibitor or ARB first, then amlodipine or a thiazide, dapagliflozin in diabetic CKD, and loop diuretics for fluid overload.

Transplant Donor Evaluation

Transplant donor evaluation is a comprehensive process used to assess the suitability and safety of individuals who wish to donate a kidney, particularly living kidney donors. The primary goal is to protect the donor from unacceptable short-term and long-term health risks while ensuring the donated kidney provides optimal outcomes for the recipient.