Kidney and urological disorders

Urolithiasis

This is a calculus which has formed in the urinary tract i.e. calyx, renal pelvis, ureters or urinary bladder as a result of urine which is supersaturated with respect to a stoneforming salt.

Sexual dysfunction

In Women

May involve decrease or increase sexual responsiveness (persistent genital arousal disorder)
Decrease responsiveness include absence of sexual desire, sexual arousal disorder, orgasmic disorder, vaginismus and dyspareunia

Non pharmacological Treatment
Correction of contributing factor (genital lesion, systemic or hormonal factors and drugs e.g. SSRIs) Psychological therapies Use of antidepressants

In men

It is inability to attain and maintain an erect penis with sufficient rigidity for vaginal penetration. Organic causes include neurogenic, vasculogenic, endocrinological as well as many systemic diseases and medications.

Nocturnal enuresis

Enuresis is bedwetting after the age of 5 years. It is a benign condition which mostly resolves spontaneously. It is important, however, to differentiate between nocturnal enuresis and enuresis during daytime with associated bladder dysfunction.

Prostate cancer

Usually occurs in men over 50 years and is most often asymptomatic. Systemic symptoms, i.e. weight loss, bone pain, etc. occurs in 20% of patients. Obstructive voiding symptoms and urinary retention are uncommon.