Kidney and urological disorders

Urolithiasis

This is a calculus which has formed in the urinary tract i.e. calyx, renal pelvis, ureters or urinary bladder as a result of urine which is supersaturated with respect to a stoneforming salt.

Sexual dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction refers to a persistent disturbance in sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain associated with sexual activity that causes significant personal distress or interpersonal difficulty. It may affect both males and females and can arise from psychological, medical, hormonal, neurological, relational, or medication-related causes.

Nocturnal enuresis

Enuresis is bedwetting after the age of 5 years. It is a benign condition which mostly resolves spontaneously. It is important, however, to differentiate between nocturnal enuresis and enuresis during daytime with associated bladder dysfunction.

Prostate cancer

Usually occurs in men over 50 years and is most often asymptomatic. Systemic symptoms, i.e. weight loss, bone pain, etc. occurs in 20% of patients. Obstructive voiding symptoms and urinary retention are uncommon.