Extremity fractures are breaks in the continuity of bones of the upper or lower limbs (long bones such as humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula). They are among the most common traumatic injuries encountered in emergency and outpatient care. When not properly managed, they may result in Permanent deformity, Limb shortening, Joint stiffness, Chronic pain and Disability

Sprains and strains are common musculoskeletal soft-tissue injuries affecting ligaments, muscles, or tendons without bone disruption. Sprain → injury to a ligament (joint stabilizer) Strain → injury to muscle or tendon. They occur when tissues are stretched beyond physiological limits causing microscopic or macroscopic tears. Fracture must always be excluded using X-ray imaging, especially in severe pain or inability to bear weight.

Spine fractures are injuries involving disruption of one or more vertebrae and may affect the spinal cord, nerve roots, or surrounding ligaments. They represent one of the most serious consequences of trauma because they can lead to permanent neurological disability including paralysis.

Wound care is the systematic assessment, cleaning, debridement, closure, infection prevention, and monitoring of a break in the skin or soft tissue caused by trauma, surgery, burns, bites, or pressure.

Injury is an insult to the body with the resultant adverse effect. This can be brought up by physical insult, chemical/toxic injury or thermal injury.

It is the most disabling condition that is associated with great mortality if not treated optimally. It is invariably followed by permanent disabilities.

It is any episode of trauma to the head (brain). Mortality is high.

Trauma may occur as a result of motor vehicle crash, fights, fall, gunshot, sports, animal bites etc. and is associated with head, musculoskeletal, lacerations, visceral and neurovascular injuries.