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Mwandishi:
Dkt. Benjamin L, MD
Mhariri:
Dkt. Adolf S, MD

Dawa za kutibu na kukinga maambukizi ya TB

28 Machi 2021 11:37:55
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TB ni ugonjwa wa mapafu unaosumbua sana watu wengi duniani, historia zinaonyesha ugonjwa huu ulikuwa unaua kila mtu aliyeupata na dawa haikuwepo. Katika miaka ya 1882, Dr. Robert Koch aligundua bakteria anayesababisha TB na mwanga wa wanasayansi kuweza kugundua dawa. Toka mwaka huo TB imekuwa ikitibiwa bila mafanikio makubwa mpaka miaka ya 1940 ambapo dawa za TB zilianza kugunduliwa. Makala hii imezungumzia kuhusu dawa za kutibu na kujikinga na TB. Kumbuka dawa hizi hutumika kwa muunganiko, dawa moja huwa haina uwezo peke yake kutibu ugonjwa wa TB.


Madaraja ya dawa zinazotumika katika matibabu ya kifua kikuu (TB)


Dawa za TB daraja la kwanza


  • Isoniazid (INH)

  • Rifampin (RIF)

  • Ethambutol (EMB)

  • Pyrazinamide (PZA)

  • Rifapentine


Dawa za TB daraja la pili


Dawa za matibabu ya Tb daraja la pili zipo katika makundi matatu kutokana na mgawanyo wa WHO mwaka 2019 ambazo ni;


  • Kundi A

  • Kundi B

  • Kundi C


Malezo zaidi yapo hapa chini


Daraja la pili Kundi A

  • Levofloxacin

  • Moxifloxacin

  • Bedaquiline

  • Delamanid

  • Linezolid


Daraja la pili Kundi B

  • Clofazimine (Cfz)

  • Cycloserine (Cs) au terizidone (Trd)


Daraja la pili Kundi C na dawa zinazotumika kukinga maambukizi ya TB

  • Pyrazinamide (Z)

  • Imipenem-cilastatin (Ipm-Cln) au meropenem (Mpm)

  • Amikacin (Am) (au stretomycin) (S)

  • Ethionamide (Eto) au Prothionamide (Pto)

  • P-aminosalicylic (PAS)


Dawa zinazotumika kuzuia maambukizi ya TB kwa watu walio kwenye hatari

  • Isoniazid

  • Rifampicin

  • Rifapentine

  • Isoniazid plus rifampicin

  • Isoniazid plus rifapentine

  • Isoniazid + cotrimoxazole + pyridoxine


Maudhi ya dawa za kifua kikuu kundi la kwanza


Maudhi madogo

  • Kichefuchefu

  • Kutapika

  • Kuvurugika kwa tumbo

  • Maumivu ya tumbo

  • Kiungulia

  • Kuharisha

  • Maumivu ya misuli na maungio

  • Maumivu ya kichwa

  • Harara na muwasho wa ngozi

  • Kusinzia

  • Kizunguzungu

  • Kuhisi vitu vinazunguka

  • Kelele masikioni

  • Ganzi au hisia za kuchomachoma miguuni


Maudhi makubwa


  • Maumivu au kuvimba kwa maungio ya mikono au miguu

  • Kubadilika kwa kiasi cha mkojo

  • Kuongezeka kwa kiu au kukojoa sana

  • Kukojoa mkojo wenye damu

  • Kubadilika kwa uono

  • Mapigo ya moyo kwenda kasi

  • Kutokwa na damu kirahisi

  • Dalili za maambukizi mapya kama koo kuwa chungu na homa

  • Kubadilika kwa hali kama vile kukanganyikiwa

  • Degedege


Endapo unatumia dawa za kifua kikuu na unapata dalili zifuatazo ni vema ukawasiliana na daktari wako haraka.

  • Kufa ganzi/kuchomachoma au hisia za kuungua kwenye mikono au miguu

  • Matatizo ya kuona ikiwa pamoja na maumivu nyuma ya macho

  • Kifua kutoa miruzi au kupumua kwa shida

  • Maumivu makali ya tumbo

  • Kuharisha maji au damu

ONYO: Usitumie dawa yoyote bila ushauri wa daktari. Dawa zinaweza kuleta madhara mwilini na pia matumizi ya baadhi ya dawa pasipo ushauri na vipimo husababisha  vimelea kuwa sugu dhidi ya dawa hiyo.
ULY clinic inakushauri kuwasiliana na daktari wako unapotaka kuchukua maamuzi yoyote yanayohusu afya yako.
Wasiliana na daktari/Mfamasia wa ULY clinic kwa ushauri na Tiba au kuandikiwa dawa kwa kupiga simu au Kubonyeza Pata tiba chini ya tovuti hii.
Imeboreshwa,
10 Julai 2023 10:16:39
1. Treatment for TB Disease. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/tbdisease.htm. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

2. Standard treatment regimens. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138743/. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

3. Highlights from the 2016 Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Guidelines. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/guidelinehighlights.htm. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

4. Second Line Drugs - Treating drug resistant TB. https://tbfacts.org/second-line-drugs/. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

5. WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, WHO, 2019. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2019/consolidated-guidelines-drug-resistant-TB-treatment/en/. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

6. Emanuele Pontali et al, "Regimens to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future perspectives", 2019, European Respiratory review. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/28/152/190035#ref-32. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

7. Emanuele Pontali et al, "Regimens to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future perspectives", 2019, European Respiratory review. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/28/152/190035#ref-32. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

8. "WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment", 2019, Geneva, https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2019/consolidated-guidelines-drug-resistant-TB-treatment/en/

9. Emanuele Pontali et al, "Regimens to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future perspectives", 2019, European Respiratory review. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/28/152/190035#ref-32. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

10. Emanuele Pontali et al, "Regimens to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future perspectives", 2019, European Respiratory review. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/28/152/190035#ref-32. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

11. World Health Organization. Tuberculosis preventive treatment. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1272664/retrieve. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021

12. WHO. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis . https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331170/9789240001503-eng.pdf. Imechukuliwa 28.03.2021
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