By ULY CLINIC
DEHYDRATION
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It refers to the loss of body water, with or without salt at a rate greater than the body can replace it. The cause of dehydration is a combination of physiological and disease processes. Persons at greatest risk for dehydration include persons with diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, diabetes or infections, impaired level status.
Types of Dehydrations
Note: In Severe dehydration there is also oliguria
Investigations
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Blood chemistry (to check electrolytes, especially sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate levels)
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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Full blood count (FBC)
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Creatinine
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Urine specific gravity
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Other tests may be done to determine the cause of the dehydration (for example, blood sugar level to check for diabetes).
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Non-Pharmacological
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Treatment The treatment for minor dehydration often considered the most effective, is drinking water and stopping fluid loss.
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Pharmacological Treatment
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In more severe cases, correction of a dehydrated state is accomplished by the replenishment of necessary water and electrolytes.Oral Rehydration salt (ORS)
OR IV 0.9% Sodium Chloride OR IV Ringers Lactate solution If there is no electrolyte loss; give IV Dextrose solution 5%
Note: If the underlying disease condition is diagnosed; treat as per specific condition in guidelines.
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Updated on, 26.10.2020
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References
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1. STG page number 8-9