Kujamiiana baada ya kuanza dawa za kifua kikuu (TB)

Swali la msingi

“Daktari, nimegundulika kuwa na TB, je, ninaweza kujamiiana endapo nimeshaanza dawa?”

Maswali muhimu yanayohusiana:

• Naruhusiwa kushiriki ngono wakati natumia dawa za TB?

• Ni muda gani naruhusiwa kujamiiana baada ya kuanza dawa za TB?

• Je, naweza kumwambukiza mwenza wangu kwa ngono?

Majibu kwa ufupi

Ndiyo, baada ya kuanza dawa za TB na kuendelea kuzitumia kwa ufanisi, mtu anaweza kujamiiana bila hatari kubwa ya kuwaambukiza wengine—ikiwa tu TB yako ni ya kifua na si ya sehemu za uzazi, na dawa zinafanya kazi vizuri.

Maelezo ya Kina

Kifua kikuu (TB) husababishwa na bakteria wanaojulikana kama Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB ya mapafu huambukizwa kwa njia ya hewa, lakini si kwa tendo la ngono moja kwa moja.

Kulingana na tafiti, mtu mwenye TB ya mapafu hushuka hatari ya kuwaambukiza wengine ndani ya wiki 2 hadi 6 baada ya kuanza dawa, ikiwa bakteria wameonesha kusikia dawa (yaani si sugu).

Mambo ya kuzingatia kabla ya kujamiiana

• Tumia dawa kikamilifu na fuata maelekezo ya daktari bila kuruka dozi.

• Hakikisha dalili za TB zimeanza kupungua, mfano kikohozi kikavu, homa au kupungua uzito.

• Kama bado unakohoa sana au kuna wasiwasi kuwa TB ni sugu (MDR-TB), chelewa kujamiiana hadi utakapopimwa tena na kuthibitishwa kutokuwa na maambukizi.

Namna ya kupunguza uwezekano wa kuambukiza wengine

1. Kaa nyumbani kwa wiki chache baada ya kuanza dawa, hadi madaktari wakuhakikishie hauambukizi tena.

2. Kaa kwenye chumba chenye hewa ya kutosha au fungua madirisha mara kwa mara.

3. Vaa barakoa kwa wiki tatu za mwanzo hasa ukiwa karibu na watu wengine.

4. Funika kinywa unapokohoa au kupiga chafya, na tupa tishu kwa usalama.

Hitimisho

Kama tayari umeanza kutumia dawa za TB na umeonyesha mabadiliko ya kiafya, unaweza kushiriki ngono kwa tahadhari bila hatari kubwa ya kuambukiza wengine. Hata hivyo, zingatia ushauri wa kitaalamu wa daktari wako, hasa kama TB yako ni ya aina sugu au bado una dalili kali.

Rejea za mada hii:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical Guidance for Tuberculosis. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2025 Jan [cited 2025 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/clinical-guidance/index.html pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+7cdc.gov+7cdc.gov+7

2. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 4 (treatment and care). Geneva: WHO; 2025 Apr 15 [cited 2025 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240107243 who.int+1who.int+1

3. Saukkonen JJ, Duarte R, Munsiff SS, et al.; ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA. Updates on the treatment of drug‑susceptible and drug‑resistant tuberculosis: an official clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025;211(1):15–33. doi:10.1164/rccm.202410-2096ST infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com+1idsociety.org+1

4. Barua M, Van Driel F, Jansen W. Tuberculosis and the sexual and reproductive lives of women in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0201134. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201134 cdc.gov+6pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+6ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+6

5. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Tuberculosis Precautions. Madison, WI; 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/tb/precautions.htm cdc.gov

6. National Institutes of Health. HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) Fact Sheet. Bethesda, MD; 2025 Apr [cited 2025 Jun 17]. Available from: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-tuberculosis-tb hivinfo.nih.gov