Utajuaje kama umeathirika au la?: Kipimo cha Virusi vya UKIMWI?

Swali la msingi

Habari za kazi daktari, kama najipima mwenyewe nitajuaje kama nimeathika au sijathirika na VVU?

Majibu

Swali lako ni la msingi sana na linaonyesha kujali afya yako. Kama unajipima mwenyewe VVU kwa kutumia kipimo cha nyumbani, unaweza kuelewa matokeo kwa njia hii hapa;

Matokeo Chanya (Positive)

Inamaanisha kuwa umepatikana na virusi vya VVU hata hivyo hii siyo majibu ya mwisho, unapaswa kwenda kituo cha afya kwa ajili ya kipimo cha uthibitisho kabla ya kuanza tiba (ARVs) endapo majibu yatakuwa bado chanya. Endapo utathibitishwa bado upo chanya, usihofu kwa kuwa VVU inatibika (ingawa haiponi), na ukianza dawa mapema, utaishi maisha marefu yenye afya.

Matokeo Hasi (Negative)

Inamaanisha haujagundulika na VVU wakati wa kipimo lakini kuna mambo ya kuzingatia;

• Ulivyojiambukiza (kama uliambukizwa) ndani ya muda wa wiki chache zilizopita (siku 14–90), mwili wako huenda bado haujaanza kutengeneza kingamwili za kutosha kugunduliwa na kipimo.

• Kipindi hiki kinaitwa "dirisha la matazamio".

• Kama ulifanya tendo la hatari hivi karibuni, rudia kipimo baada ya wiki 3 hadi 12 ili kupata matokeo sahihi.

Ukipata matokeo yasiyoeleweka

Hakikisha unafuata maelekezo ya kipimo vizuri angalau rudia mara 2 kwa uhakika na kama una mashaka yoyote, nenda kituo cha afya kwa msaada wa kitaalamu.

Dalili hazitoshi

Huwezi kujua kama una VVU kwa kuangalia dalili tu, hasa mwanzoni. VVU inaweza kukaa kimya kwa miaka mingi bila dalili yoyote ndio maana kupima mara kwa mara ni muhimu.

Ushauri

Kama ulibeba hatari (kama vile ngono bila kondomu au sindano zilizoshirikishwa), pima mapema na rudia baada ya siku 28–90. Tumia kinga kila mara, na fikiria huduma kama PrEP (kinga ya kabla ya maambukizi) kama uko kwenye hatari kubwa.

Rejea za mada hii:

1. World Health Organization. Guidelines on HIV self-testing and partner notification: supplement to consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services. Geneva: WHO; 2016.

2. Johnson CC, Kennedy C, Fonner V, Siegfried N, Figueroa C, Dalal S, et al. Examining the effects of HIV self-testing compared to standard HIV testing services: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21594.

3. Pant Pai N, Sharma J, Shivkumar S, Pillay S, Vadnais C, Joseph L, et al. Supervised and unsupervised self-testing for HIV in high- and low-risk populations: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001414.

4. Figueroa C, Johnson C, Verster A, Baggaley R. Attitudes and acceptability on HIV self-testing among key populations: a literature review. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(11):1949–65.

5. Tonen-Wolyec S, Batina-Agasa S, Muwonga J, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Belec L. Acceptability, feasibility, and individual preferences of HIV self-testing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210242.

6. Peck RB, Lim JM, van Rooyen H, Mukoma W, Chepuka L, Bansil P, et al. What does success look like for HIV self-testing? Measuring linkage to care from HIV self-testing in Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(S1):e25288.

7. Choko AT, Desmond N, Webb EL, Chavula K, Napierala-Mavedzenge S, Gaydos CA, et al. The uptake and accuracy of oral kits for HIV self-testing in high HIV prevalence setting: a randomized controlled trial in Malawi. PLoS Med. 2011;8(10):e1001102.