Hepatitis D virus

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus belonging to genus of delta virus that requires the helper function of Hepatitis B (HBV) for virion assembly, release and transmission, and therefore the infection does not occur in the absence of hepatitis B virus. The routes of HDV transmission are similar for HBV, the most important being sexually, percutaneous or parenteral exposure to blood or blood products.

Investigations

Serological testing

Serology assays for HDV immunoglobulin titres:
- IgM is diagnostic for acute infection.
- IgG is diagnostic for post exposure/chronic infections.

Molecular testing

Real time PCR for HDV RNA is confirmatory.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for acute or chronic HDV infection.

NoteThe more risk population includes health care workers, transfusion recipients and haemophiliacs, PWID, and immigrants of endemic areas.Nucleotide sequences of HDV obtained worldwide indicates the existence of eight genotypes, with genotype 1 being detected worldwide.Antiviral nucleotide analogues for HBV have no or limited effect on HDV replication.Pegylated interferon alpha is the only drug effective against HDV now and more than one year of therapy may be necessary as most of patients relapses after discontinuation of therapy.

Imeandikwa:

Jumanne, 23 Juni 2026, 3:13:26 UTC

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