Haematological disease conditions 

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a group of inherited hemoglobinopathies characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS) resulting from a point mutation in the β-globin gene (Glu6Val). Under deoxygenated conditions, HbS polymerizes, leading to red blood cell (RBC) deformation, chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and progressive organ damage.

Haemolytic anaemia results from an increase in the rate of red cell destruction in the intravascular or in the reticuloendothelial system in some pathological disorders

This is a condition whereby the bone marrow usually produces large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts).

Iron deficiency anaemia is a type of anaemia caused by insufficient iron in the body, leading to reduced haemoglobin production and impaired oxygen transport. Common causes include poor dietary intake, chronic blood loss, malabsorption syndromes, hookworm infestation, and increased physiological demand such as during pregnancy.