Malignant disease conditions
Cancer is a term covering a wide range of malignant diseases, which contribute significantly to the overall morbidity and mortality of people worldwide. In this section you will learn about common malignant conditions in Africa and their management
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) comprises a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphoid neoplasms arising from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or natural killer (NK) cells. NHLs are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid cells within lymph nodes, extranodal tissues, bone marrow, or other organs.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the epithelial tissues of the breast and is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Although the exact etiology remains unknown, several genetic, hormonal, reproductive, and environmental factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing the disease.
Malignant Melanoma
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor arising from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. It is characterized by a high potential for local invasion and early metastasis compared with other skin cancers. Early diagnosis and complete surgical excision provide the best chance of cure, while advanced disease may require systemic therapy and palliative treatment.
Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the epithelial lining of the colon and is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Together with rectal cancer, it forms part of the spectrum of colorectal cancer (CRC). Most colon cancers develop gradually from adenomatous polyps through a sequence of genetic and molecular changes that lead to malignant transformation.