Malignant disease conditions 

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells (blasts) in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues.

Aggressive T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms characterized by rapid progression, aggressive clinical behavior, and generally poorer outcomes compared with most B-cell lymphomas. These malignancies are relatively rare and are often diagnosed at advanced stages with extranodal involvement.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by rapid cellular proliferation and a high tumour growth fraction. It is one of the fastest-growing human malignancies and constitutes a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

Anal cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the anal canal or perianal region. Although relatively uncommon compared with colorectal cancers, its incidence has increased globally, particularly among populations with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and immunosuppression.

Colon cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the epithelial lining of the colon and is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Together with rectal cancer, it forms part of the spectrum of colorectal cancer (CRC). Most colon cancers develop gradually from adenomatous polyps through a sequence of genetic and molecular changes that lead to malignant transformation.