By ULY CLINIC
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Measles
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Introduction
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Measles is an acute, highly communicable infectious disease caused by Measles virus. The mode of transmission is airborne, by droplet spread through coughing or sneezing, or by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected persons.
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Diagnostic Criteria
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Generalized, reddish (erythematous), blotchy (maculopapular) rash;
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History of fever usually above 38ËšC (if not measured, then "hot" to touch);
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Dry cough; Sore throat; Runny nose (coryza);
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Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis), tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek- also called Koplik's spots.
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In addition, children with measles frequently exhibit a dislike of bright light (photophobia), and often have a sore red mouth (stomatitis).
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Pharmacological Treatment
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Note: No specific antiviral treatment exists for measles virus
Adults:
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Paracetamol tablets 1g every 8 hours for 5 days
AND
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Vitamin A 200000 IU orally, stat In case of ocular involvement
add
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Oxytetracycline eye ointment 1% apply once daily for 7 days
Children:
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Paracetamol 10–15mg/kg body weight every 8 hours for 5 days
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Vitamin A if less than 1 year give 100000 IU stat and if over 1 year give 200000 IU
Prevention
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Routine measles vaccination for children combined with mass immunization campaigns
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Updated on, 29.10.2020
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References
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1. STG