Oral and dental conditions

A dentigerous cyst, also known as a follicular cyst, is a benign developmental odontogenic cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted, impacted, or developing tooth. It is the second most common odontogenic cyst after the radicular cyst and most frequently affects impacted mandibular third molars, maxillary canines, mandibular second premolars, and supernumerary teeth.

Odontogenic cysts are a group of cystic lesions arising from odontogenic epithelium associated with tooth development. They are pathological cavities lined by epithelium and contain fluid, semi-fluid, or keratinous material. These cysts develop from remnants of odontogenic tissues left behind during tooth formation and are among the most common lesions affecting the jaws.

Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by one of the fastest tumor growth rates among human malignancies. The endemic (African) form commonly affects the jaws and facial bones of children living in malaria-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity, accounting for more than 90% of all oral cancers. It arises from the stratified squamous epithelium lining the oral mucosa and is characterized by progressive local invasion with the potential for regional lymph node involvement and distant metastasis.

Haemangioma is a benign vascular tumor characterized by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. It is one of the most common benign soft tissue tumors of infancy and childhood and usually develops within the first few weeks of life.