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Mwandishi:

Dkt. Sospeter B, M. MD

Mhariri:

Dkt. Adolf , S MD

17 Mei 2023, 14:34:43

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Kujifungua kabla ya wakati

Kujifungua kabla ya wakati ni pale mtoto anapozaliwa mapema zaidi kabla ya wiki 37 ya ujauzito. Kwa kawaida ujauzito hudumu kwa wiki 40.


Watoto wanaozaliwa kabla ya wakati wengi wao hupata matatizo ya kiafya ambayo hutofautiana kulingan ana wiki aliyozaliwa mtoto.


Dalili

Watoto wanaotokana na kujifungua kabla ya wakati wanaweza kupata baadhi ya dalili kama vile:

  • Mwili kuwa mdogo ukifananisha na kichwa

  • Ukuwa na vinyweleo mwilini

  • Joto la mwili kuwa la chini

  • Kupumua kwa shida

  • Kunyonya kwa shida

 

Vihatarishi

 

Mara nyingi huwa havifahamiki, hata hivyo kuna baadhi ya vitu vinaweza kuongeza hatari hiyo ambavyo ni:

  • Ujauzito wa mapacha wawili au zaidi

  • Kupishanisha ujauzito chini ya miezi sita

  • Kupata matibabu ya kusaidia kupata jauzito

  • Kutumia uzazi saidizi kama vile kuchavusha mayai kwenye chupa kabla ya kupandikizikwa kwenye kizazi

  • Kuwa na historia ya kutoka mimba

  • Kuwa na historia ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati

 

Baadhi ya matatizo yanayoweza kuongeza hatari ya kujifugnua kabla ya wakati ni:

 

  • Matatizo kwenye kizazi, shingo ya kizazi au kondo la nyuma

  • Maambukizi kwenye kifuko cha mimba

  • Maambukizi kwenye mfumo via vya nje vya uzazi

  • Magonjwa kama kisukari na shinikizo la juu la damu

  • Ajali au majeraha kwenye mwili

  • Staili za maisha zinazoweza kuongeza hatari ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati ni:

  • Kuvuta sigara

  • Kutumia madawa ya kulevya

  • Kunywa pombe mara kw amara au kwa kupitiliza wakati wa ujauzito

  • Kuwa na uzito mdogo au mkubwa kabla ya kupata ujauzito

  • Kupata ujauzito kabla ya miaka 17 au zaidi ya miaka 35

  • Kupitia kipindi cha msongo mkali kama vile ndugu wa kaibu kufa au ukatili

 

Kwa ujumla wanawake waliojifungua kabla ya wakati huwa hawana visababishi vinavyofahamika.

 

Madhara ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati

 

Si watoto wote wanaozaliwa kabla ya wakati hupata madhara kutokana na kitendo hiko. Hata hivyo kujifungua mapema zaidi kabla ya wakati huabatana na matatizo makuwa katika maisha. Uzito wa mtoto wakati wa kuzaliwa huwa na maana kubwa wa madhara yanayoweza kupatikana kwa mtoto. Mtoto mwenye uzito mkuwa huwa na madhara kiasi. Na baadhi ya matatizo yanaweza kutoka siku kadhaa baada ya kujifungua.

 

Madhara ya muda mfupi

Haa hutokea baada ya kujifungua  ambao hujumuisha

  • Matazizo kwenye upumuaji

  • Matatizo ya moyo

  • Mtatizo ya ubongo

  • Matatizo ya mwili kushindwa dhibiti joto

  • Matatizo ya kushindwa kumeng’enya chakula

  • Matatizo ya damu kama kuishiwa damu

  • Matatizo ya umetaboli

  • Matatizo ya mfumo wa kinga

 

Madhara ya muda mrefu

Madhara ya muda mrefu ni yale yanayotokea baadaye kidogo yanayojumuisha

  • Mtindio wa ubongo

  • Kushindwa kujifunza vema

  • Matatizo ya kuona

  • Matatizo ya kusikia

  • Matatizo ya fizi na meno

  • Matatizo ya kitabia na kiakili

  • Matatizo endelevu ya kiafya kama pumu


Matabibu ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati

Matibabu kwa mtoto huwa saidizi kutibu dalili zinazoonekana mpaka mtoto atakapoweza kujitegmea kunyonya n.k. watoto hawa pia huwekwa kwenye chumba maalumu cha kutunzia watoto chenye joto.

 

Kinga ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati

Kutumia homoni progesterone wakati wa ujauzito kama una historia ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati. Huweza saidia wanawake wenye shingo fupi ya uzazi pia kupunguza hatari ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati.

Kushona shingo ya kiazazi kwa wanawake wenye tatizo hili baada ya kushauriwa na daktari.

ULY Clinic inakushauri uwasiliane na daktari wako siku zote kabla ya kufanya maamuzi yanayohusisha afya yako
Wasiliana na daktari wa  ULY Clinic kwa ushauri na Tiba au kuandikiwa dawa kwa kutumia namba za simu au Kubonyeza Pata tiba chini ya tovuti hii.

Imeboreshwa,

17 Mei 2023, 14:34:43

Rejea za dawa

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  2. Butler Tobah YS (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Nov. 9, 2017.

  3. Chachar BT, et al. Interpregnancy interval: Optimizing time between pregnancies. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  4. Creasy RK, et al., eds. Prevention and management of preterm parturition. In: Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  5. FAQs: Extremely preterm birth. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/extremely-preterm-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  6. FAQs: Preterm labor and birth. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preterm-labor-and-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  7. Fenton TR, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics. 2013; doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-59.

  8. Guignard JP, at al. Use of diuretics in the neonatal period. Pediatric Nephrology. 2021; doi:10.1007/s00467-021-04921-3.

  9. Halperson E, et al. Developmental defects of enamel in children born preterm. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2022; doi:10.3389/fped.2022.1019586.

  10. Hay WW, et al., eds. The newborn infant. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. 26th ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  11. Hughes HK, et al. Neonatology. In: The Harriet Lane Handbook. 22nd ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  12. Karnati S, et al. Late preterm infants — Changing trends and continuing challenges. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.02.006.

  13. Kliegman RM, et al. The high-risk infant. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  14. Landon MB, et al., eds. Preterm labor and birth. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  15. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/patent-ductus-arteriosus-pda?qt=patent%20ductus%20arteriosus&alt=sh. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  16. Pertussis: Summary of vaccine recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pertussis/recs-summary.html. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  17. Preterm birth. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  18. Preterm infants. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/perinatal-problems/premature-infant. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

  19. Preterm labor and birth. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/preterm. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023

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