Mwandishi:
Dkt. Sospeter B, M. MD
Mhariri:
Dkt. Adolf , S MD
17 Mei 2023, 14:34:43

Kujifungua kabla ya wakati
Kujifungua kabla ya wakati ni pale mtoto anapozaliwa mapema zaidi kabla ya wiki 37 ya ujauzito. Kwa kawaida ujauzito hudumu kwa wiki 40.
Watoto wanaozaliwa kabla ya wakati wengi wao hupata matatizo ya kiafya ambayo hutofautiana kulingan ana wiki aliyozaliwa mtoto.
Dalili
Watoto wanaotokana na kujifungua kabla ya wakati wanaweza kupata baadhi ya dalili kama vile:
Mwili kuwa mdogo ukifananisha na kichwa
Ukuwa na vinyweleo mwilini
Joto la mwili kuwa la chini
Kupumua kwa shida
Kunyonya kwa shida
Vihatarishi
Mara nyingi huwa havifahamiki, hata hivyo kuna baadhi ya vitu vinaweza kuongeza hatari hiyo ambavyo ni:
Ujauzito wa mapacha wawili au zaidi
Kupishanisha ujauzito chini ya miezi sita
Kupata matibabu ya kusaidia kupata jauzito
Kutumia uzazi saidizi kama vile kuchavusha mayai kwenye chupa kabla ya kupandikizikwa kwenye kizazi
Kuwa na historia ya kutoka mimba
Kuwa na historia ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati
Baadhi ya matatizo yanayoweza kuongeza hatari ya kujifugnua kabla ya wakati ni:
Matatizo kwenye kizazi, shingo ya kizazi au kondo la nyuma
Maambukizi kwenye kifuko cha mimba
Maambukizi kwenye mfumo via vya nje vya uzazi
Magonjwa kama kisukari na shinikizo la juu la damu
Ajali au majeraha kwenye mwili
Staili za maisha zinazoweza kuongeza hatari ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati ni:
Kuvuta sigara
Kutumia madawa ya kulevya
Kunywa pombe mara kw amara au kwa kupitiliza wakati wa ujauzito
Kuwa na uzito mdogo au mkubwa kabla ya kupata ujauzito
Kupata ujauzito kabla ya miaka 17 au zaidi ya miaka 35
Kupitia kipindi cha msongo mkali kama vile ndugu wa kaibu kufa au ukatili
Kwa ujumla wanawake waliojifungua kabla ya wakati huwa hawana visababishi vinavyofahamika.
Madhara ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati
Si watoto wote wanaozaliwa kabla ya wakati hupata madhara kutokana na kitendo hiko. Hata hivyo kujifungua mapema zaidi kabla ya wakati huabatana na matatizo makuwa katika maisha. Uzito wa mtoto wakati wa kuzaliwa huwa na maana kubwa wa madhara yanayoweza kupatikana kwa mtoto. Mtoto mwenye uzito mkuwa huwa na madhara kiasi. Na baadhi ya matatizo yanaweza kutoka siku kadhaa baada ya kujifungua.
Madhara ya muda mfupi
Haa hutokea baada ya kujifungua ambao hujumuisha
Matazizo kwenye upumuaji
Matatizo ya moyo
Mtatizo ya ubongo
Matatizo ya mwili kushindwa dhibiti joto
Matatizo ya kushindwa kumeng’enya chakula
Matatizo ya damu kama kuishiwa damu
Matatizo ya umetaboli
Matatizo ya mfumo wa kinga
Madhara ya muda mrefu
Madhara ya muda mrefu ni yale yanayotokea baadaye kidogo yanayojumuisha
Mtindio wa ubongo
Kushindwa kujifunza vema
Matatizo ya kuona
Matatizo ya kusikia
Matatizo ya fizi na meno
Matatizo ya kitabia na kiakili
Matatizo endelevu ya kiafya kama pumu
Matabibu ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati
Matibabu kwa mtoto huwa saidizi kutibu dalili zinazoonekana mpaka mtoto atakapoweza kujitegmea kunyonya n.k. watoto hawa pia huwekwa kwenye chumba maalumu cha kutunzia watoto chenye joto.
Kinga ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati
Kutumia homoni progesterone wakati wa ujauzito kama una historia ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati. Huweza saidia wanawake wenye shingo fupi ya uzazi pia kupunguza hatari ya kujifungua kabla ya wakati.
Kushona shingo ya kiazazi kwa wanawake wenye tatizo hili baada ya kushauriwa na daktari.
ULY Clinic inakushauri uwasiliane na daktari wako siku zote kabla ya kufanya maamuzi yanayohusisha afya yako
Wasiliana na daktari wa ULY Clinic kwa ushauri na Tiba au kuandikiwa dawa kwa kutumia namba za simu au Kubonyeza Pata tiba chini ya tovuti hii.
Imeboreshwa,
17 Mei 2023, 14:34:43
Rejea za dawa
Altmann T, et al., eds. Birth and the first moments after. In: Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5. 7th ed. Bantam; 2019. https://shop.aap.org. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Butler Tobah YS (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Nov. 9, 2017.
Chachar BT, et al. Interpregnancy interval: Optimizing time between pregnancies. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Creasy RK, et al., eds. Prevention and management of preterm parturition. In: Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
FAQs: Extremely preterm birth. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/extremely-preterm-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
FAQs: Preterm labor and birth. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preterm-labor-and-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Fenton TR, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics. 2013; doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-59.
Guignard JP, at al. Use of diuretics in the neonatal period. Pediatric Nephrology. 2021; doi:10.1007/s00467-021-04921-3.
Halperson E, et al. Developmental defects of enamel in children born preterm. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2022; doi:10.3389/fped.2022.1019586.
Hay WW, et al., eds. The newborn infant. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. 26th ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Hughes HK, et al. Neonatology. In: The Harriet Lane Handbook. 22nd ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Karnati S, et al. Late preterm infants — Changing trends and continuing challenges. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.02.006.
Kliegman RM, et al. The high-risk infant. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Landon MB, et al., eds. Preterm labor and birth. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/patent-ductus-arteriosus-pda?qt=patent%20ductus%20arteriosus&alt=sh. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Pertussis: Summary of vaccine recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pertussis/recs-summary.html. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Preterm birth. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Preterm infants. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/perinatal-problems/premature-infant. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Preterm labor and birth. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/preterm. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Robinson JN, et al. Preterm birth: Risk factors, interventions for risk reduction, and maternal prognosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023
Stewart J. Care of the neonatal intensive care unit graduate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Dec. 2, 2022.
Vicente A, et al. Do preterm-born children and adolescents have greater need for dental care as compared to full term-born controls? BMC Oral Health. 2022; doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02504-8.
Wilson-Costello D, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born preterm: Epidemiology and risk factors. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Imechukuliwa 16.05.2023