Kidney and urological disorders

Urolithiasis- Management

Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones within the urinary tract due to supersaturation of urine with stone-forming salts. Kidney stones are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular diseases.

Prostate Cancer

The disease has a variable clinical course, ranging from slow-growing tumours that may remain clinically insignificant to aggressive cancers with early metastatic spread. The axial skeleton (spine, pelvis, and ribs) is the most common site of distant metastasis.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)- Management

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland caused by progressive proliferation of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. It is a common condition among ageing men and may lead to bladder outlet obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Acute bacterial prostatitis- Management

Prostatitis is an inflammatory condition of the prostate gland, commonly caused by bacterial infection originating from urinary tract pathogens or sexually transmitted infection (STI) organisms. It may present as an acute infection or a chronic relapsing condition.