Mwandishi
Mhariri:
Imeboreshwa:
ULY CLINIC
ULY CLINIC
18 Oktoba 2026, 21:05:45
Renal cell carcinoma
80–95% of primary kidney tumours: clear cell (75–85%), papillary, chromophobe, oncocytic, collecting duct.
Risk factors: tobacco, cadmium/asbestos/petroleum exposure, obesity, acquired cystic kidney disease, phenacetin.
Stage | Management |
I–III | Partial nephrectomy if feasible, otherwise radical nephrectomy; node dissection if nodes enlarged; no adjuvant role for chemotherapy or RT; cryotherapy/RFA or RT 45–50 Gy if inoperable |
IV | Cytoreductive nephrectomy in selected patients; targeted therapy; metastasectomy; palliative RT |
Targeted therapy (until progression)
S: Sunitinib 50 mg PO daily, 4 weeks on / 2 weeks off, OR S: pazopanib 800 mg PO daily, OR S: axitinib 5 mg PO twice daily, OR S: sorafenib 400 mg PO twice daily, OR S: bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks.
Immunotherapy in selected patients: interleukin-2 600,000 IU/kg IV every 8 hours, or interferon alfa 5–10 MU SC three times weekly.
Imeandikwa:
18 Oktoba 2026, 21:05:21
References:
Ministry of Health, United Republic of Tanzania. Standard Treatment Guidelines and National Essential Medicines List for Tanzania Mainland (STG & NEMLIT). 7th ed. Dodoma: Ministry of Health; 2026. Chapter 22, Malignant Disease Conditions: section 22.8.5 Renal Cell Carcinoma (Table 22.22), pp. 612–613.