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Osteoarthritis

Introduction

Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis

It is a common form of arthritis, characterized by degenerative loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bony sclerosis, and cartilage and bone proliferation subsequent osteophyte formation. Cause is unknown, but genetic, metabolic and biomechanical have been suggested. Gradual onset of one or a few joints involved.

Signs and symptoms

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Diagnostic Criteria

• Pain is the commonest symptom
• Specific clinical features depend on the joint involved e.g. enlargement of distal interphalangeal joint (Bouchard’s nodes)

Investigation

• Plain X-ray of involved joint/ joints

Treatment

  • Pharmacological

    • Acetylsalicylicacid 900 mg (PO) 6 hourly with food
    OR
    • Ibuprofen 400mg (PO) start then 200mg 8 hourly
    OR
    • Diclofenac sodium 50 mg PO 8 hourly for 3–5 days

    NOTE: In severe cases surgery may be indicated e.g. hip joint replacement, knee replacement

  • Non-pharmacological

    • Rest the joint. Use crutches or walkers to protect weight bearing joints in severe cases.
    • Crepe bandage or braces also can be worn during the active phase of disease.
    • Reduction of weight in obese patients
    • Physiotherapy–exercise to the affected joints

Prevention

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Updated on,

14 Novemba 2020 07:04:23

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References

    1. STG
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