Musculoskeletal disorders 

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition whereby the immune system attacks the synovial membrane of joints, initially of the small joints but progressively involving the big joints.

Tropical pyomyositis is a primary bacterial infection of skeletal muscle characterized by localized abscess formation, muscle necrosis, and systemic inflammatory response. It predominantly affects large muscle groups and occurs most frequently in tropical and subtropical climates.

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone, and is most common in children under 12 years. Staphylococci are the most frequent responsible organisms.

Tendinopathies are a group of clinical disorders characterized by chronic, localized tendon pain and impaired function that worsen with mechanical loading. They result primarily from repetitive tendon overuse, failed tendon healing, and degenerative changes rather than acute inflammation alone. Tendinopathies may present as acute or chronic conditions and commonly affect the rotator cuff, Achilles tendon, patellar tendon, lateral epicondyle (tennis elbow), medial epicondyle (golfer's elbow), and wrist tendons.

Cervical degenerative disorders (CDD) are age-related conditions affecting the cervical intervertebral discs, vertebral bodies, facet joints, ligaments, and surrounding soft tissues. Progressive degeneration may lead to cervical spondylosis, cervical radiculopathy, cervical spinal stenosis, and cervical myelopathy. These disorders are among the leading causes of chronic neck pain and upper limb neurological symptoms in adults.