Musculoskeletal disorders 

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and impaired bone strength, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. It is often referred to as a "silent disease" because it usually remains asymptomatic until a fragility fracture occurs.

Amputation is the surgical removal of part or all of a limb or extremity, such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, or leg. It is performed when the affected limb cannot be salvaged or when limb preservation would pose a greater risk to the patient's life or result in prolonged disability.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus and are a major cause of hospitalization, lower-extremity amputation, disability, and mortality. They result from the interaction of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease (ischaemia), repetitive trauma, and infection, leading to skin breakdown and impaired wound healing.

Gout is a recurrent acute arthritis of peripheral joints which results from deposition, in and about the joints and tendons, of crystals of monosodium urate from supersaturated hyperuricaemic body fluids. The arthritis may become chronic.

Acute low back pain (LBP) is pain or discomfort localized between the lower rib margin and the gluteal folds, with or without radiation to the lower limbs, lasting less than 6 weeks. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide and a leading cause of disability and healthcare utilization. Although numerous pathological conditions can cause low back pain, approximately 85–90% of cases are classified as non-specific low back pain, where no specific structural pathology is identified.