Musculoskeletal disorders 

Post-open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) infection and post-arthroplasty infection are serious healthcare-associated musculoskeletal infections that occur following orthopaedic implant surgery. These infections involve bacterial colonization of implants, surrounding soft tissues, and bone, often resulting in biofilm formation that makes eradication difficult. If left untreated, they may lead to implant loosening, fracture non-union, chronic osteomyelitis, prosthesis failure, sepsis, limb loss, and death.

Gonococcal arthritis is a manifestation of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is the most common cause of infectious arthritis among sexually active young adults. The condition develops when N. gonorrhoeae spreads hematogenously from a primary mucosal infection of the urogenital tract, rectum, or pharynx.

Septic arthritis is an acute infection of the synovial membrane and joint space characterized by purulent inflammation within a synovial joint. It is most commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, although fungi and mycobacteria may also be responsible, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Low back pain is a common presenting complaint especially among the elderly. It may be a mild, transient symptom or chronic and disabling complaint.

It is a common form of arthritis, characterized by degenerative loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bony sclerosis, and cartilage and bone proliferation subsequent osteophyte formation.