Malignant disease conditions 

Bladder cancer, as from 2005–2016, affected about 1,537 people in Tanzania

Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant tumour of the prostate gland and one of the leading cancers affecting men worldwide. Approximately 95% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas arising from the glandular epithelium of the prostate.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy of the lung that accounts for approximately 10–15% of all lung cancers. It is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and is characterized by rapid tumour growth, early dissemination, and a high propensity for widespread metastasis at the time of diagnosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It comprises a heterogeneous group of epithelial lung malignancies that behave differently from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in terms of biological characteristics, treatment approaches, and prognosis.

Rectal cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the rectal mucosa, usually within the distal 15 cm of the large intestine measured from the anal verge. It is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies and is frequently grouped with colon cancer under the term colorectal cancer (CRC).