Joint hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes

Condition	Cause	Key features
Joint hypermobility syndrome	Multifactorial	Generalised hypermobility, pain, instability, easy bruising
Classical EDS	COL5A1/COL5A2	Hyperextensible skin, atrophic scars, hypermobility
Hypermobile EDS	Unknown	Hypermobility, chronic pain, instability
Vascular EDS	COL3A1	Arterial and organ rupture, thin skin, aortic dissection risk
Kyphoscoliotic / arthrochalasia EDS	PLOD1 / COL1A1-2	Hypotonia, scoliosis, eye fragility; congenital hip dislocation
Marfan syndrome	FBN1	Tall stature, arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic root dilatation
Osteogenesis imperfecta	COL1A1/COL1A2	Fractures, blue sclera, hearing loss

Management

Physiotherapy (strength, coordination, posture, braces/orthotics), education, occupational therapy.
NSAIDs: A: ibuprofen 400–800 mg every 8 hours for 3 days, OR C: diclofenac 50 mg every 8–12 hours, OR D: meloxicam 7.5–15 mg once daily.
S: Baclofen 10 mg every 8 hours, titrated to a maximum of 40–80 mg/day.
S: Glucosamine 1500 mg + chondroitin 800–1200 mg daily.
Surgery: joint replacement, ligament repair or stabilisation for severe instability.