Nutritional disorders 

Pellagra is a systemic nutritional disorder caused by deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) or its precursor tryptophan. Niacin is essential for synthesis of the coenzymes: NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Vitamin B deficiencies refer to a group of disorders resulting from inadequate levels of one or more water-soluble B-complex vitamins, which function primarily as metabolic co-enzymes in cellular energy production, neurological function, hematopoiesis, and DNA synthesis.

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a micronutrient deficiency disorder resulting from inadequate body stores of retinol. It primarily affects the eyes, epithelial tissues, immune system, and growth processes. The condition is most common among children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, and populations with chronic malnutrition.

Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine-T3) and Tetraiodothyonine-T4 or Thyroxine). The hormones have profound influence on energy metabolism, protein synthesis, growth and development.

Anaemia with large red blood cells is commonly due to folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Folate deficiency is common in pregnant women and in the postpartum period